“试验设计与数据处理”教学改革探讨——基于本科生毕业论文常见问题的分析

“试验设计与数据处理”是食品类专业的一门重要课程。在分析毕业论文存在问题的基础上,找出这些问题存在的原因并寻求解决办法,为提高“试验设计与数据处理”课程的教学质量和教学效果提供参考和依据。     

提高蛋白质乳化功能性的研究

蛋白质是食品加工中的重要原料,其乳化性对食品品质非常重要。本文综述了通过物理改性、化学改性、生物酶法改性、基因工程改性及复合改性等方法技术来提高食品蛋白质的乳化功能性,并为今后食品蛋白质加工过程中利用改性方法来提高乳化性提供一定理论基础和新的思路。     

Barriers to Open Government Data (OGD) initiative in Tanzania: Stakeholders’ perspectives

Open Government Data (OGD) initiatives are picking up across the globe with their emphasis upon the tenets of transparency, collaboration, and participation. While much of the research has remained confined at unraveling the theoretical and conceptual dimensions of OGD, empirical investigations are visibly lacking, especially in the African context. Using a qualitative research methodology, we analyze the responses received from relevant stakeholders—representatives from public and private sector—regarding their views about the OGD initiative in Tanzania. Our findings show that the OGD initiative in Tanzania is in an emerging stage and there are barriers (organizational, social, legal, and technical) toward instituting a robust OGD initiative in the country. Further, we find that there is inertia among the government departments in terms of publishing data sets. Our findings provide a sounding board for further research on the sustainability of OGD initiatives in Tanzania and the other African countries, by and large.     

Introduction to the International Symposium on Lipid Science and Health and research progress in lipid science and health

The International Symposium on Lipid Science and Health (ISLSH), which was organized annually by Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (OCRI-CAAS) since 2016, has gained a strong reputation and attracted hundreds of delegates from around the world for discussion of lipid research trends and advances every year, to promote research and academic exchanges in the fields of lipid science and health. The 5th International Symposium on lipid Science and Health was successfully held in Wuhan, China, from October 23rd to 25th, 2020, to celebrate the 60th anniversary of OCRI-CAAS. The two-day symposium gathered well-known experts specialized in lipid science to share the current state of lipid research with emphasis on aspects covering: (1) lipid profiling and characterization, (2) lipid preparation and modification, (3) lipid improvement and regulation, and (4) lipid nutrition and health. The symposium was conducted by a combination of on-site and network meeting. More than 250 distinguished delegates from academia and industry participated in the on-site multidisciplinary meeting, and thousands of scholars attended the virtual event. This paper is as a record of the symposium proceedings and a brief summary of the advances and trends in 4 aspects of lipid science and health.     

一种新型卷积神经网络植物叶片识别方法

为提高植物叶片识别的准确率及减少计算代价,在Pytorch框架下提出一种融合了深度卷积生成式对抗网络(DCGAN)和迁移学习(TL)的新型卷积神经网络叶片识别方法。首先,对植物叶片图像进行预处理,通过DCGAN对样本数据库扩充;其次,利用迁移学习将Inception v3模型应用于图像数据处理上,以提高植物叶片识别的准确率;最后,通过对比实验对该方法的有效性进行验证。结果表明:该方法可以获得96.57%的植物叶片识别精度,同时参数训练的迭代次数由4000次缩短到560次。     

基于辐射和温度的ET0模型在吐鲁番地区的比较与修正

利用吐鲁番地区3个气象站2000—2015年逐日气象资料,以FAO-56 Penman-Monteith(FAO-56 PM)模型为标准,对6种ET_0模型(M-A模型、P-T模型、M-H模型、H-S模型、Traj模型和B-H模型)进行评价并修正,采用均方根误差(RMSE)、绝对平均误差(MAE)、平均相对误差(MRE)评价指标和Wilcoxon非参数检验法比较年、月尺度上各模型修正前后的估算精度,以筛选适用吐鲁番地区ET_0简化估算模型。结果表明:吐鲁番地区ET_0的主要影响因子是R_s(太阳辐射),其次是e_s(饱和水汽压)和R_n(作物表面净辐射);修正前,年尺度上,M-H模型的估算精度最高;月尺度上,各模型误差较大且与FAO-56 PM模型存在显著差异,适用性较差;修正后,各模型在年、月尺度上的精度均有明显提高,无显著差异,其中修正后的P-T、M-H和B-H模型估算精度最高,可作为吐鲁番地区ET_0简化估算模型。     

A stochastic surplus production model in continuous time

Surplus production modelling has a long history as a method for managing data‐limited fish stocks. Recent advancements have cast surplus production models as state‐space models that separate random variability of stock dynamics from error in observed indices of biomass. We present a stochastic surplus production model in continuous time (SPiCT), which in addition to stock dynamics also models the dynamics of the fisheries. This enables error in the catch process to be reflected in the uncertainty of estimated model parameters and management quantities. Benefits of the continuous‐time state‐space model formulation include the ability to provide estimates of exploitable biomass and fishing mortality at any point in time from data sampled at arbitrary and possibly irregular intervals. We show in a simulation that the ability to analyse subannual data can increase the effective sample size and improve estimation of reference points relative to discrete‐time analysis of aggregated annual data. Finally, subannual data from five North Sea stocks are analysed with particular focus on using residual analysis to diagnose model insufficiencies and identify necessary model extensions such as robust estimation and incorporation of seasonality. We argue that including all known sources of uncertainty, propagation of that uncertainty to reference points and checking of model assumptions using residuals are critical prerequisites to rigorous fish stock management based on surplus production models.     

汽车变速器齿轮修形仿真分析

汽车变速器的关键部件齿轮因其加工和装配质量的影响,工作时容易引起振动噪声大及承载能力降低等问题,而齿轮修形是解决这些问题的有效方法,且成本较低。针对某款汽车变速器,利用Romax对齿轮进行修形分析。结果表明,修形后减小了齿轮的传动误差和最大接触应力,齿面载荷分布更加合理。有效改善了齿轮的传动性能,增加了齿轮寿命。     

改性纤维素的吸附性能及应用研究进展

纤维素作为天然生物基材料来源广泛,纤维素的改性及其在吸附方面的应用一直作为研究的热点。笔者介绍了纤维素基本结构,综述了纤维素化学改性方法以及改性纤维素对水体污染物吸附能力的提高。重点从改性纤维素良好的吸附性、吸附机理以及对水体中金属离子和水体中氮磷的吸附性展开叙述。提出了改性纤维素可应用于土壤当中,以期为土壤改良、作物高产提供全面的科学解释;同时改性纤维素可与肥料相结合,提高肥料利用率减缓因施肥造成的面源污染等问题。